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R12 – How to Define Primary Ledger in GL Oracle Apps

The ledger is a basic concept in Release 12. The ledger replaces the 11i concept of a set of books. It represents an accounting representation for one or more legal entities or for a business need such as consolidation or management reporting. Companies can now clearly and efficiently model its legal entities and their accounting representations in Release 12. This seems to be a major area in getting success of the shared service center and single instance initiatives where many or all legal entities of an enterprise are accounted for in a single instance, and data, setup, and processing must be effectively secured but also possibly shared.

Now, legal Entities can be mapped to entire Ledgers or if you account for more than one legal entity within a ledger, you can map a legal entity to balancing segments within a ledger.
While a set of books is defined by 3Cs

  1. chart of accounts
  2. functional currency
  3. accounting calendar,

The addition in this list the ledger is defined by a 4th C: the accounting method.

This 4th C allows you to assign and manage a specific accounting method for each ledger. Therefore, when a legal entity is subject to multiple reporting requirements, separate ledgers can be used to record the accounting information.
Accounting Setup Manager is a new feature that allows you to set up your common financial setup components from a central location.

General Ledger Setup Flowchart

While you can set up your Oracle General Ledger application in many different ways, and defer optional set up steps until you are ready to use the corresponding functionality, we recommend you use the order suggested in the following flowchart: Some of the steps outlined in this flowchart and setup checklist are Required and some are Optional. You need to perform Optional steps only if you plan to use the related feature or complete certain business functions.

The following setup steps are a high level overview of the setup steps related to Oracle
General Ledger and Accounting Setup Manager. 



Leger is created in 5 stages
1. Create Legal Entity.
2. Define Leger.
3. Define Accounting Options.
4. Assign Legal entities to your Ledger .

5. Assign Balancing Segment Values to respective Legal entities. 


Navigation: General Ledger –> Setup –> Financials –> Accounting Setup Manager –> Accounting Setups.


  • Create legal entity
Click on Create Accounting Setup and then click on Create Legal entity.

Click on Apply and then click on Next.

  • Define Leger



Click on Next and then Finish.

  • Define Accounting Options

Click on Define Accounting Options and click on update.


 Click on Next, and assign Retained earnings Account.

  
  Click on Next, Next, and Finsh.

Assign Legal entities to your Ledger.

Click on Add Legal Entity.
  
 Click on Add Legal entity.

 Add your Legal entity and click on Apply.


  • Assign Balancing segment values to legal entities

Click on the update Balancing Segment Values


Click on Add Balancing Segment Value.


Assign Balancing segment values to these legal entities.


Click on Apply and then click onComplete.


 Once you complete ledger we are getting the following Warning.


 Click on Yes.

 Ofter click on the yes we are getting the following confirmation. 


Click on Return to Accounting Setups.

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How to Define Operating Unit in R12

An organization that uses Oracle subledgers, such as Oracle Cash Management, Order Management and Shipping Execution, Oracle Payables, Oracle Purchasing, Oracle Receivables, and related products. It may be a sales office, a division, or a department. Operating units are not associated with legal entities. 

Operating units are assigned to ledgers and a default legal context. Information is secured by operating unit for these applications using responsibilities. Each user can access, process, and report on data only for the operating units assigned to the MO: Operating Unit or MO: Security Profile profile option. 

The MO: Operating Unit profile option only provides access to one operating unit. 

The MO: Security Profile provides access to multiple operating units from a single responsibility. You can define operating units from the Define Organization window in Oracle HRMS or from Accounting Setup Manager in General Ledger.

For further reference: Visit Google.com and search for “Oracle Multiple Organization Manual”. download the pdf file for detailed information on multiple ORG.

Prerequisites for defining operating unit:

 1. Define Location.
 2. Define Business Group.
 3. Define Ledger.

 Navigation: HRMS –> Work Structures –> Organization –> Description.

Click on New.


Type your operating unit name, type ,location and organization classification.

   
Click on Others.

Select operating unit information.

   
Enter the Primary Ledger name, Legal entity name and Operating unit short code

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Oracle Forms Basic Concepts

The focus of the document is for consultants who are new to Oracle Forms and needs a kick-start on the concepts for better understanding of the subject.
Let’s start understanding the basic but important concepts in Forms.
What is Form :It is a developmental tool that is used for designing data entry and query screens. It is a front-end tool that runs in a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
GUI Concepts:
These concepts holds good for any user-interface.
To develop an effective GUI there are 4 basic stages:
  1. Define User Requirements
  2. Plan the User Interface
  3. Build the User Interface Elements (Create/Modify elements/functionality)
  4. User Feedback (Holds Key on the functionality and basis of the requirement)
Let’s move on to Forms Developer
How many components in Forms?
There are 3 components involved in the application development
  1. Form Builder
  2. Form Compiler
  3. Form Runtime
Form builder consists of following tools to perform a specific task
  1. Object Navigator
  2. Layout Editor
  3. Property Palette
  4. PL/SQL Editor
  5. Menu Editor
  6. Object Library

Object Navigator: It’s a hierarchal representation of all objects.
Layout Editor: It provides a virtual representation of the application user interface.
Property Palette: Each object in the form module has a property associated to it. Developer can view/set properties for one/multiple object.
PL/SQL Editor: Programmatically to enhance the functionality and appearance of an application.
Menu Editor: Create menu as per applications requirement and can add various functionality to various menu options.
Object Library: Creation of objects on some default specification. Storing some standard objects that can be re-used in other forms/menu.
Blocks: Logically related interface items are grouped into functional units called Blocks.
Types of Block:
Data Block: It is associated with or bound, to a database table or view or a set of stored procedures.
Control Block: It is not associated with any database table but items that will control the behavior of the application.
Let’s move on to the next scheme of things…
Canvas: It is a surface inside a window on which we place the interface that end user interacts.
Types of Canvas:
  1. Stacked Canvas
  2. Content Canvas
  3. Horizontal Toolbar
  4. Vertical Toolbar
  5. Tab Canvas

Let’s discuss briefly about the triggers in this section, for more information you can look through the Forms Builder Help Topics.
Note: The hierarchy of Objects in a form is
Form
Block
Record
Item
What is Triggers: These are program units which enhance the functionality of a form/application.
The following triggers can be used to enhance the functionality of the form:
What are Types of triggers in Oracle Form?

Block Processing Triggers: It fires in response to events related to record management in block.
e.g., When_Create_Record,When_Clear_Block,…
Interface Event Triggers: It fires in response to events that occur in form interface.
e.g., When_Button_Pressed,When_Checkbox_Changed,…
Master-Detail Triggers: It fires automatically when defined master-detail relationship between blocks. (Master-Detail relationship discussed further in the document)
e.g.,On_Checkdelete_Master,On_Clear_Details,…
Message Handling Triggers: It fires to issue appropriate error and information messages in response to runtime events.
e.g.,On_Error,On_Message,..
Navigational Triggers: It fires in response to Navigational Items.
e.g., Pre_Form, Post_Form, When_New_Form_Instance, When_New_Block_Instance,..
Query Time Triggers: It fires before/after the operator/application executes a query.
e.g.,Pre_Query,Post_Query,…
Transactional Triggers: It fires in response to wide variety of events that occur as a form interacts with data source.
e.g.,On_Delete,On_Update,..
Validation Triggers: It fires when it validates data in an item/record.
e.g.,When_Validate_Item,When_Validate_Record,..
Mouse Event Triggers: It fires for a mouse event.
e.g.,When_Mouse_Enter,When_Mouse_Click,..
Key Triggers: It has one to one relationship with specific Keys.
e.g.,Key F1,Key Enter,..
There are lot number triggers that can be used, please use as per the requirement with reference to Form Builder Help Topics.
What is Master- Detail Relationship? or What is Parent -Child Relationship?
Master- Detail Relationship : It is an association between two datablocks.One block is called Master Block and other Detail block. The relationship signifies that there is a primary key to foreign key relationship between the tables on the blocks associated.
What are Properties associated with blocks in a master-detail relationship?
Isolated : If you delete master records, associated detail records are not deleted from the database.
Non-Isolated: You cannot delete master records if the associated detail records exist in database.
Cascading: If you delete master records then automatically detail records will be automatically deleted from the database.
Windows : It is a container for all visual objects that make up a form, including canvases.
There are 2 types of Windows:
Document Window : It typically display the main canvases and work areas of the application where most data entry, and data retrieval is performed. It always remains within the application window frame.
Dialog Window: are free-floating, windows typically used for modal dialogs that require immediate user interaction.
Modality of the window depends on the functionality required i.e., Modal or Modeless.
Alert : It is a modal window that displays message to inform user about some application condition. E.g., STOP,CAUTION,NOTE,…
Invoking an alert : show_alert(alert_name)
Return number;
What is Record Group: It is an internal form builder structure that has column/row structure similar to database table. Static and Query based record groups can be used on the functionality of the form.
What is List of Values (LOV) : It is a pop-up window that provides end user selection list. LOV’s can be invoked programmatically or statically based on the record group. It can be positional based or automatic display.
The most important features of LOV are it provides auto-reduction and search features due to which user can locate specific values easily.
Let’s get to items on canvas which holds the key points.
Boilerplate Text Tool is used to create or edit a graphics text in the form. Graphics text is a static text in the form. E.g. Labels for items
Text Item Tool is used to create text item. It is an interface control that displays and allows editing of a text. It can be single or multi-line format.
Display Item tool are similar to text items but display items only store and displayed fetched or assigned values.
Buttons is a tool to execute commands or initiate buttons. E.g., OK ,CANCEL,..
Types : Text and Iconic Buttons
List Item is a list of text elements. A list item displays a fixed number of elements.
Types: Tlist,Pop List, Combo Box
Checkbox: It is a control that has 2 states i.e., checked or unchecked. It is used to indicate whether a certain condition is true or false.
Radio Button/Box : It is a logical set of options.
Editors: are used to edit item values in form. There are three editors that can be used at run time: Default editor, System Editor, User Named Editor
Property Class: Form builder provides a facility to create a named list of common properties and their values. This object is known as property class. Once you create a property class, you can base other objects on it. It is similar to the OOPS concept in programming languages.
Visual attribute : is a list of font, color and pattern properties and their values. This visual attribute can be attached to various objects to define object’s visual attributes.
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List of Tables for Forms Personalization

Below is the list of tables that are populated when any Forms Personalization is done

FND_FORM_CUSTOM_RULES
FND_FORM_CUSTOM_SCOPES
FND_FORM_CUSTOM_ACTIONS
FND_FORM_CUSTOM_PARAMS
FND_FORM_CUSTOM_PROP_VALUES
FND_FORM_CUSTOM_PROP_LIST

You can FNDLOAD utility to move one instance to another.

Or export and import this records from one instance to other. But make sure the sequences are altered 🙂

The below script list all the forms in Oracle Applications that have been customized using Forms Personlization:

select distinct a.form_name , a.enabled, c.USER_FORM_NAME, d.APPLICATION_NAME 
from FND_FORM_CUSTOM_RULES a,
     FND_FORM b,
     FND_FORM_TL c,
     fnd_application_tl d
where enabled = ‘Y’
and a.form_name = b.form_name
and b.form_id = c.form_id
and b.application_id = d.application_id

order by application_name;

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Payment Due Calculation on AP invoice

Payables calculates payment Due Date using following values:

– Goods Received Date + Receipt Acceptance Days
– Invoice Date
– Terms Date

Payables populates the Payment Due Date with the most recent date among the above dates.

The logic is:
Most Recent( Goods Received Date + Receipt Acceptance Days, Invoice Date, Terms Date )

Goods Received Date:
            Goods Received Date gets populated on the invoice based on Terms Date Basis. We can find Terms Date Basis at following levels.
– Supplier Site Level
– Supplier level
– Payables Options

Payables first looks for Terms Date Basis at Supplier Site Level. If there is no value exist here, it will look at Supplier Level. If there is no value here as well, then Payables takes this value from Payables Options.

Receipt Acceptance Days:
         We can find Receipt Acceptance Days under Invoice Tab in Payables Options.

Invoice Date:
         We can find the Invoice Date in Invoice Date field on Payables Invoice.

Terms Date:
          Terms Date is the beginning date from which Payment Terms start when Payables calculates the scheduled payment(s) for an invoice. The invoice Terms Date defaults based on Terms Date Basis option you select:

• System: System date on day of invoice entry.
• Goods Received: The date you receive goods for invoices you match to purchase orders.
• Invoice: Invoice date.
• Invoice Received: Date you receive an invoice.


Payment Due Date calculation in case of a matched Invoice:

In case of a Matched invoice, Payables consider Receipt Transaction Date along with Goods Received Date + Receipt Acceptance Days, Invoice Date, and Terms Date.

The process includes two steps:

1. The system first checks for recent date of Goods Received Date+Receipt Acceptance Days and Receipt Transaction Date

The logic is:
Recent (GOODS RECEIVED DATE+RECEIPT ACCEPTANCE DAYS, RECEIPT TRANSACTION DATE)

2. After step1, the system uses the following logic again

Recent ( Recent Date from step1, Invoice Date, Terms Date)

Payables consider Receipt Date based on the “Recalculate Scheduled Payment” check box under Invoice Tab in Payables Options. If this check box is enabled, Payables consider the Receipt Date for the calculation of Payment Due Date. If you don’t want the system to use Receipt Date in the calculation of Payment Due Date, then disable “Recalculate Scheduled Payment”.

If you want recalculation, then system considers Receipt date for a matched invoice.

Navigation to enable/disable “Recalculate Scheduled Payment”:
Responsibility:    Payables Responsibility which has the access to setups

Navigation:        Setup > Options > Payables Options
Tab:                   Invoice
                                                                       
 Enable/Disable Recalculate Scheduled Payment based on business requirements.
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