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Period-End Process

Period-End process is performed at the end of each period(depends on the organization). It is very important in any organization because if the period is not closed, the accounting for that period can not be closed, which will affect the financial results reporting of the respective period.
One can not close any module without following the order.

The suggested module wise sequence to be followed for Period-End process is as follows.

1. Projects
2. Payables
3. Purchasing
4. Assets 
5. Receivables
6. Inventory
7. General Ledger

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Accounting entries in Purchasing, Payables and Receivables

When we enter transactions in Purchasing, the accounting entries will get generated with respect to the following accounts.

1. When Creating a receipt:
Inventory Receiving A/C DR
Accrual Account CR

2. At the time of Receiving transactions:
Asset clearing A/c or Inventory valuation a/c DR
Inventory Receiving A/c CR

3. When a Payables invoice matched with PO:
Accrual A/C DR
Liability A/c

4. when asset addition done:
Asset A/c DR
Asset Clearing A/c CR(Asset item)
           (OR)
expense a/c DR
inventory Valuation A/C(Inventory item)

When we enter transactions in Payables, the accounting entries will get generated with respect to the following accounts.

1. Invoice: When we create accounting for an invoice, the accounting will be generated with respect to the following accounts.

Item Expense A/C      DR
Liability  A/C             CR

2. Payment: There are two stages in which the accounting may generate, based on the accounting option that we setup in Payables.
  
> Direct Pay-No Clearance: In this stage, there will be no clearance process separately and the cash account will get credited directly.

Liability  A/C    DR
Cash  A/C         CR

> Pay and Clear: In this stage, the payment and clearance process will have separate accounting entries.

At the time of Payment:

Liability A/C               DR
Cash Clearing A/C      CR

At the time of Clearance:

Cash Clearing A/C    DR
Cash A/C                  CR

 When we enter transactions in Receivables, the accounting entries will get generated with respect to the following accounts.

1. Accounting for invoice:
Receivables A/C DR
Revenue Account Cr

2. Credit memo:
Revenue Dr
Receivables A/C CR

3. Receipts:
Cash A/C DR
Receivables A/c CR

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GL Accounting Cycle and Integration

General Ledger Accounting Cycle:
1. Open Period
2. Create/Reverse journal entries
3. Post Journals
4. Review
5. Revaluate/Translate
6. Consolidate
7. Review/correct balances
8. Run reports
9. Close the periods

Integration of General Ledger with other modules:

Oracle General Ledger integrates with other modules. Following is the list of modules along with the details that flow to the General Ledger.
1. Payables sends Invoices, payments, adjustments, realized gain/loss on foreign currency and invoice price variance to GL.

2. Receivables sends invoices, payments, adjustments, debit memos, credit memos, cash, charge backs and realized gain and loss on foreign currency to GL.

3. Assets sends capital and construction in process asset additions, cost adjustments, transfers, retirements, depreciation and reclassifications.

4. Purchasing sends accruals or receipts not invoiced, purchase orders, final closes and cancellations.

5. HRMS sends employee details.

6. Payroll sends salary, deductions and tax information.

7. Inventory sends cycle counts, physical inventory adjustments, receiving transactions, delivery transactions, delivery transactions, intercompany transfers, sales order issue, internal requisitions, sub-inventory transfers and Cost of Goods Sold.

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Invoice Grouping Rules in Receivables R12

Grouping Rules group Revenue and Credit transactions into  Invoices, Credit memos and Debit Memos. Autoinvoice program uses the Grouping Rules to group similar sales orders into a single invoice. We need to assign matching attributes while defining the Grouping Rules. These attributes include mandatory and optional parameters. Mandatory parameters are pre-defined by Oracle, where as optional attributes are optional and can be assigned based on the business requirements. Following is the list of all Mandatory and Optional attributes which can be assigned to the Grouping Rules.

Mandatory Attributes:
AGREEMENT_ID
COMMENTS
CONS_BILLING_NUMBER
CONVERSION_DATE
CONVERSION_RATE
CONVERSION_TYPE
CREDIT_METHOD_FOR_ACCT_RULE
CREDIT_METHOD_FOR_INSTALLMENTS
CURRENCY_CODE
CUSTOMER_BANK_ACCOUNT_ID
CUST_TRX_TYPE_ID
DOCUMENT_NUMBER
DOCUMENT_NUMBER_SEQUENCE_ID
GL_DATE
HEADER_ATTRIBUTE1-15
HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY
HEADER_GDF_ATTRIBUTE1-30
INITIAL_CUSTOMER_TRX_ID
INTERNAL_NOTES
INVOICING_RULE_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_BILL_ADDRESS_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_BILL_CONTACT_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_BILL_CUSTOMER_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_SOLD_CUSTOMER_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_BATCH_NAME
PAYMENT_SERVER_ORDER_ID
PAYMENT_SET_ID
PREVIOUS_CUSTOMER_TRX_ID
PRIMARY_SALESREP_ID
PRINTING_OPTION
PURCHASE_ORDER
PURCHASE_ORDER_DATE
PURCHASE_ORDER_REVISION
REASON_CODE
RECEIPT_METHOD_ID
RELATED_CUSTOMER_TRX_ID
SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
TERM_ID
TERRITORY_ID
TRX_DATE
TRX_NUMBER

Optional Attributes:
ACCOUNTING_RULE_DURATION
ACCOUNTING_RULE_ID
ATTRIBUTE1-15
ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY
INTERFACE_LINE_ATTRIBUTE1-15
INTERFACE_LINE_CONTEXT
INVENTORY_ITEM_ID
REFERENCE_LINE_ID
RULE_START_DATE
SALES_ORDER
SALES_ORDER_DATE
SALES_ORDER_LINE
SALES_ORDER_REVISION
SALES_ORDER_SOURCE
TAX_CODE
TAX_RATE

The following Ship-To fields were mandatory grouping attributes in release 11i, but are optional in release 12 ORIG_SYSTEM_SHIP_CUSTOMER_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_SHIP_ADDRESS_ID
ORIG_SYSTEM_SHIP_CONTACT_IDThis is because ship to information is now stored at the line level in R12. Therefore a single invoice could have different ship to information for each line.
Autoinvoice program matches all the mandatory parameters and group the transactions into invoices. If all the mandatory parameters are matched for two or more similar transactions, they will fall in a same invoice. If we define any optional attribute, Autoinvoice program matches optional attributes in addition to the mandatory attributes to group the transactions.

For Example: SALES_ORDER is the optional attribute assigned to a grouping rule, there Autoinvoice program matches all mandatory attributes + Sales Order for the transactions. For any two or more transactions, if all the mandatory attributes and Sales Order(optional attribute) are matching, only one invoice will be created for those transactions.

If your Grouping rule doesn’t include Sales Order and Ship To fields in Optional attributes, similar sales orders with different ship-to addresses but same bill to will be grouped into one invoice and AR transaction form will not show any value in Ship-To address as it can not determine which ship-to value to be picked from multiple sales orders.
Steps to create a Grouping Rule:

Responsibility: Receivables Manager
Navigation: Setup -> Transactions -> Auto Invoice -> Grouping Rules

Select Line Ordering Rules if you are using any. Optional grouping characteristics are optional. If we are not giving any optional Grouping Characteristics, Autoinvoice will only matches mandatory characteristics. We can assign Optional characteristics for Invoices, Credit Memos and Debit Memos.
 

If  we want to assign optional attributes for all invoices, credit memos and debit memos, First assign optional characteristics for invoice class and the place the cursor on Class Invoices ad use Down Arrow to define  attributes for other classes(Credit Memo and Debit Memo) as well.

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Transaction Dates for Auto Invoices in Receivables

If there is no value provided for Transaction Date, the Autoinvoice program populates the Transaction date for Auto Invoices based several facors such as Derive Date option enabled or Disabled for Transaction Source, few colums from RA_INTERFACE_LINES_ALL, Invoice rules and Accounting Rules defind or not, and the default value provided in the parameters of Autoinvoice program.

Let us see how Autoinvoice program derives Transaction date based on Derive Date option for Transaction source and populted columns from RA_INTERFACE_LINES_ALL such as GL_DATE, SHIP_DATE_ACTUAL and SALES_ORDER_DATE.

Case 1: If the Derive Date option is enabled for Transaction Source, Autoinvoice program uses the following order to create Transaction Date.
1. GL_DATE
2. SHIP_DATE_ACTUAL
3. SALES_ORDER_DATE
4. DEFAULT_DATE (Provided in parameters of Autoinvoice program, which is mandatory)

Case2: If the Derive Date check box is disabled for Transaction Source, Autoinvoice program uses following order to populated Transaction Date.
1. GL_DATE
2. DEFAULT_DATE (Provided in parameters of Autoinvoice program, which is mandatory)

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